If the footnote relates to material offset by a dash, the footnote number should come before the dash, rather than after.Įxample: Footnote placementAlthough reduced caffeine intake had noticeable short-term effects on the subjects’ moods and energy levels-this was measured using multiple methods 2-their energy levels did not fluctuate as frequently as those in the control group (whose daily caffeine intake was not reduced 3).ĭon’t repeat footnotes.If a footnote relates to text in parentheses, the footnote number should also appear inside the parentheses.Example: Footnote in APAThe findings of the study are consistent with other research. Footnote numbers typically appear at the end of a sentence or clause, after the period or other punctuation.
Frequently asked questions about APA footnotesįootnotes use superscript numbers and should appear in consecutive order.
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